Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone Essay Example

Planning of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone Paper Introduction3 Results4 Discussion6 Conclusion7 Experimental7 References8 Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone Introduction When hydrogens are available on the ? - carbon of ketones (like the response utilized in this investigation), carbonyl mixes and aldehydes, they turn the compound somewhat acidic1. These practical gatherings are expelled by utilizing a fundamental arrangement as appeared in (I) below1. The item shaped with water is steady just because of reverberation, however doesn't frame a truly steady harmony. Enamine responses are utilized to keep away from numerous issues for the most part connected with alkylating or acylating carbonyl mixes when they are responded with fluid sodium hydroxide1 as appeared in responses (ii) and (iv)1. The primary issue being that the response brings about an extraordinary number of essential auxiliary side responses, for example, those in conditions (iii), (iv) and (vi), and this thus brings about the fundamental item shaped in (I) being just accessible in limited quantities due to the recently referenced temperamental harmony, while nucleophile OH-in condition (iii) is much higher1. At the point when the OH-responds with alkyl halide (iii) or acyl halide (iv), the conjugate base will in general respond with the unreacted carbonyl compound by methods for an aldol buildup response as appeared in condition (vi)1. Results Preparation of the enamine PyrrolidineCyclohexanone Molecular recipe: C4H9NMolecular equation: C6H10O Volume: 4. 0 ml+. Volume: 5. 0 ml Density: 0. 87 g cm-3Density: 0. 95 g cm-3 Boiling point: 87? CBoiling point: 156? C Masses were worked out utilizing densities: Mass cyclohexanone = 0. 947g/ml x 5ml = 4. 739g Therefore moles = mass/molar mass = 4. 739g/98. 15g mol-1 = 0. 483 moles Mass pyrrolidine = 0. 866g/mol x 4. 0 ml = 3. 464g Therefore moles = mass/molar mass = 3. 464/71. 11g mol-1 Addition of the acidic anhydride EnamineAcetic Anhydride Molecular recipe: C10H9N Molecular equation: C4H6O3 ¬ (2) Volume: 4. 5 ml Density: 1. 08 g cm-3 (2) Molecular Weight: 102. 1 g/mol Boiling point: 139. 8? C(2) Moles : 0. 04760 moles Acetic anhydride is the constraining reagent The stoichiometric proportion of acidic anhydride to 2 acetylcyclohexanone is 1:1 Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene2-Acetylcyclohexanone We will compose a custom paper test on Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Preparation of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Atomic Weight: 151. 25 g mol-1 Molecular Weight: 140. 18 g molâ ¬-1 Mass: 0. 14g Moles: 0. 04760 moles The stoichiometric proportion of acidic anhydride to 2 acetylcyclohexanone is 1:1, accordingly there is 0. 04760 moles of 2-acetylcyclohexanone. Hypothetical mass of 2-acetylcyclohexanone = 0. 04760mol x 140. 18g/mol = 6. 673g Percentage yield = Actual yield/Theoretical yield x 100 = 0. 14g/6. 673g x 100 = 2. 10% Discussion As recently referenced, aldehydes and ketones will in general respond with essential amines so as to shape an imine, as can be found in sync 2 beneath. Enamines are effectively alkylated because of them being very nucleophillic1. The initial step involves the response of pyrrolidine and cyclohexanone with p-Toluenesulfonic corrosive to frame a toluene arrangement of the enamine as demonstrated as follows. Stage 1: Reaction of pyrrolidine and cyclohexanone with p-Toluenesulfonic corrosive to frame a toluene arrangement of the enamine The subsequent advance includes the response of the toluene arrangement of the enamine with acidic anhydride to shape 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene, which is the middle of the road of the response. This middle of the road isn't viewed as it can't be secluded because of it being truly flimsy. Stage 2: Reaction of the enamine with the acidic anhydride to shape 1-pyrrolidinocyclohexene (the middle of the road) The third and last advance is the response of the intermediate(1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene) with water so as to frame last item 2-acetylcyclohexanone. Stage 3: 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene (the halfway) responds with water so as to frame 2-acetylcyclohexanone. The item was confined by methods for utilizing a separator channel. The arrangement was cooled till it was room temperature and moved to a seperatory pipe. 10 ml water was likewise added to the pipe and the substance were blended completely by altering the channel a few times and discharging the gas develop pressure by discharging the valve on the stopcock. The fluid layer was the base layer because of it being higher in thickness than the natural layer and was discarded in a measuring glass. Correspondingly, the natural layer was washed with three segments of hydrochloric corrosive (3M) lastly flushed again with water (10 ml). The natural layer was moved to a clean 250 ml measuring glass and dried over MgSO4 †MgSO4 was included until it quit bunching together at the base of the recepticle in arrangement. The MgSO4 getting specialist was then sifted dry by vacuum attractions. The softening point run acquired in the analysis was 110-119? C, which isn't equivalent to the hypothetical breaking point of 138? C. This could be because of polluting influences present in the example, similar to water, which would bring down the breaking point. The % yield was especially low and could be credited to deficient reflux of the enamine arrangement that should have een refluxed for at least 30 minutes, yet because of time imperatives, was just refluxed for 20 minutes. Another approach to make 2-acetylcyclohexanone is by utilizing a suspension of tellurium chloride and chloroform4 Conclusion There are three stages in the system to framing 2-acetylcyclohexanone. These are responding pyrrolidine and cyclohexanone with p -Toluenesulfonic corrosive to frame a toluene arrangement of the enamine, response of the enamine with the acidic anhydride to shape 1-pyrrolidinocyclohexene, and responding 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene (the middle of the road) with water so as to shape 2-acetylcyclohexanone. The dissolving point extend got tentatively was 110-119? C and is totally different from the hypothetical liquefying point run because of mistakes that have happened during the system of the functional and are clarified in the conversation above. The especially low % yield of 2. 10% is because of deficient reflux time. Trial Preparation of the toluene arrangement of the enamine A 100ml round bottomed carafe was pre-gauged, after which cyclohexanone (5. 0ml), pyrrolidine (4. 0ml), toluene-4-sulfonic corrosive (0. 1g) and 40 ml toluene were added to it. bubbling chips were likewise added to the reagent blend in order to forestall loss of item because of sprinkling and bubbling of the item. The Dean and Stark device was set up exclusively by every understudy. The 100 ml round bottomed carafe with reagent blend was then fit to the Dean and Stark mechanical assembly with a reflux condenser fit to the highest point of the contraption. The reflux condenser was fit with a calcium chloride dr ying tube so as to keep air dampness from responding with the substance of the round bottomed carafe, and furthermore to fill in as a way to soothe pressure shaped during the response. A warming mantle was utilized to warm the round bottomed cup till a fiery reflux of the toluene, with fume ascending the condenser was recognizable. It was seen that the water that shaped because of the response of the toluene reflux gathered in the snare bit of the Dean and Stark snare contraption. When the arrangement was bubbling, reflux was proceeded for 60 minutes. During this holding up period, an answer of acidic anhydride (4. 5 ml) in toluene (10 ml) was readied. When reflux was finished following 60 minutes, the arrangement was cooled till it could be taken care of serenely and the Dean and Stark contraption was evacuated. While trusting that the cup will cool, the refining arrangement was set up by re-situating the condenser with both a recipient and collector carafe. The now cooled round bottomed jar was fit with a thermometer appended by methods for a despite everything head and fit to the refining arrangement. The carafe was indeed warming utilizing a warming mantle to distil pyrrolidine and water that was as yet present. Refining was proceeded until the temperature arrived at 108-110? C. From that point, the round bottomed jar was permitted to chill off to room temperature subsequent to expelling it from the refining arrangement and evacuating the still head with thermometer. Readiness of the 2-Acetylcyclohexanone The acidic anhydride arrangement that had been recently arranged was then added to the round base carafe containing the enamine arrangement while blending and was additionally mixed for 15 minutes. Water (5 ml) and 3 bubbling chips was then added to the cup and fit with a reflux condenser. This new reagent blend containing transitional item enamine was warmed under reflux for an entire 30 minutes once the arrangement reached boiling point. This was the halting point for day 1 of the analysis. The round bottomed carafe was named and stoppered for continuation of the analysis on the next week. On day 2 of the trial, the substance of the round bottomed jar was moved to an isolating channel. Water (10 ml) was utilized to wash the round bottomed cup and this flushing was added to the isolating pipe. The substance of the channel was blended well and the gas was discharged by opening the stopcock. The watery layer was the lower layer and was isolated from the natural layer, which stayed in the channel. So also, the natural layer was washed with three parts of hydrochloric corrosive (3M) lastly flushed again with water (10 ml). The natural layer was moved to a clean 250 ml measuring glass and dried over MgSO4 †MgSO4 was included until it quit clustering together at the base of the container in arrangement. The MgSO4 getting specialist was then separated dry by vacuum attractions. The vacuum refining arrangement was then arranged

Writing a Five Paragraph Essay

Writing a Five Paragraph EssayThe majority of high school students take a high school level writing class, including one about writing a five paragraph essay. It's a skill that you can learn and hone. If you're not sure how to start, here are some sample essay examples that you can use as starting points.Writing a five paragraph essay is a skill that many college students learn early on in life. What most students find difficult is that it becomes difficult to do this consistently. One reason for this is the writers are so busy. They do a lot of work at school and have a lot of assignments to write. This can make it tough to stay organized and focus on writing a good essay.High school students learn that writing a five paragraph essay is only a challenge when they've been doing it for a few years. It doesn't take a lot of practice to start writing an essay on time. Here are some sample essays that are five paragraphs long and gives the reader the first impressions about the writer.Hi gh school student samples are a great place to start when writing a five paragraph essay. If you want to write an essay that has a well thought out argument, all you need to do is write a summary. It may take a while for your reader to read your essay, but the better your essay is the more he/she will remember about you and your essay. This is the one place that students are encouraged to add their own ideas and thoughts, or rewrite the essay if necessary.Many high school students have trouble with writing a five paragraph essay. The problem is that it becomes difficult to continue writing on time because the majority of the classes are taken up with class work. Because of this, students end up having to put more focus on their grades and homework. Ifyou want to write a five paragraph essay on time, you have to commit yourself to write every day.Not all students in high school to take a writing class, so it's important to have some samples of the essay that they can use when writing a five paragraph essay. Although the majority of students are able to write a five paragraph essay, not all of them can. The point of these sample essays is to help them gain the experience they need to write a quality essay on time.If you want to learn how to write a five paragraph essay, it's important to see examples of other students who have the same writing style. This can help you identify your own writing style and come up with an original essay that has a unique theme and structure. Not everyone has the same writing style, so when you have a few samples, you can change your essay if you think it will be more interesting.One way to write a five paragraph essay that is well written is to write the essay as a story that includes an introduction and some supporting information about the theme. In this way, you're helping the reader to connect the two stories by providing context. Following these samples will give you the opportunity to learn how to write a five paragraph essay .

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Study - Essay Example The experimentation imitated the method utilized in obsolete tests. An obsolete trial is organized with both the reliant and free factors, post testing and pretesting. At long last, control gatherings and trial gatherings. The jail replication, as found in the narrative, was a decent experimentation for observational reasons and tried the hypothesis that detainments can uncover the most appalling qualities in the individuals who work in them and those detained (Zimbardo). Zimbardo and his accomplices characterized the techniques they used to gauge the powers of pressure, assessed the information assembled from polls, and reported the correspondences of the protections and convicts (Zimbardo). The two parts of examination were impersonations of a recommended association of the protections and the prisoners. The respondents were posed inquiries concerning the experimentation and the way toward directing the examination analyze. The trial involved the reliant and free factors, working clarifications for reproduction purposes, and testing of theory (Zimbardo). This experimentation complied with the measures utilized by the good old examination. A few trials don't have an investigational gathering and a benchmark group. In the old research, examine had no recognizable benchmark group, however for the exploration purposes, it was accepted that the benchmark group comprised of individuals who were not in prison and not presented to such coldblooded condition (Zimbardo). The trial speculation was intended to gauge the enthusiastic impacts of detainments on the substances dependent on the physical foundation or the detainees themselves. The explanation behind the exploration was to pick solid male people and find the outcomes of physical condition in a separated situation (Zimbardo). The police captured and brought the detainees to jail as introduced in the

Research And Provide In-Depth Discussion On Stark Law - 550 Words

Research And Provide In-Depth Discussion On Stark Law (Essay Sample) Content: Stark Law(Authors name)(Institutional Affiliation) Stark Law Case Study DiscussionWhat is Stark Law? The Ethics in Patient Referrals Act, popularly known as Stark law is a set of federal laws that prohibit the act of physician self-referral (Wales, 2003). The Act specifically focuses on the referral by physicians of Medicaid or Medicare patient to an organization that provides Designated Health Services (DHS) if the physician has a financial relationship with that particular organization (Wales, 2003). The law covers 11 designated health services and provides a complete ban on all Medicaid and Medicare payment for services that fall under the statute where the referring physician has a personal or close financial stake (Cohen, 2014). Under Stark Law, the term financial relationship is used to refer to investment interest or ownership in the health care organization or an arrangement of compensation between the organization and physician (Cohen, 2014). This paper rev iews the Dr. S and Dr. V case with the objective of providing a determination as to whether or not their actions violated the Stark law. Case Analysis The first step is determining if there is a financial relationship between the two physicians and the Hospital. From the information provided it is evident that there was a financial relationship between the physicians and the health facility because they had admitting privileges at the hospital. The financial relationship is also evident from the fact that the hospital had subleased the nuclear imaging machine from the physicians this discloses the fact that there is a compensation arrangement between the physicians and the hospital. The sublease implied that Dr. V and Dr. S would get compensation from the hospital for the use of the nuclear imaging device and thus they would benefit directly from the use of the device.The next step in finding out whether Dr. S and Dr. V violated Starks Law is to determine whether the service in que stion is a DHS service. From the case, the service in question is nuclear imaging. Nuclear imaging is classified under nuclear medicine which is regarded as a radiology service thus based on this it is logical to conclude that the service in question is a DHS service. Findings Based on the facts of the case it is logical to conclude that because of the sublease, the two physicians violated the Stark law. As indicated in the analysis section, the fact that the two physicians had subleased the nuclear imaging device to the hospital meant that they were eligible to receive compensation from the use of the device by the hospital. Also the fact that the service in question qualifies as a DHS service serves to strengthen the argument that the Stark law had been violated by the two physicians. The Stark law is built on the principle of preventing physicians or their family members from benefiting from referrals made in the execution of their duties (Sutton, 2011). Every time DR. S and DR . V referred patients to use the nuclear imaging device that they had subleased to the hospital, they received compensation for its use as the hospital was obliged to pay them for it. From this, it is evident that the two physicians violated the Stark law. However, it is essential to point out the fact that the violation occurred only if the two physicians referred patients to use the nuclear imaging device. In the event that the device remained in their office, but they did not make any referrals for its use, then they ...

Description Of The Word Of Intelligence - 900 Words

Intelligence The term comes from the Latin intelligentia, which in turn derives from inteligere. This is a word composed of two terms: intus (â€Å"between) and legere (â€Å"choice). Therefore, the etymological origin of the concept of intelligence refers to one who knows how to choose: intelligence enables selection of the most convenient alternatives for solving a problem. According to what is described in the etymology, an individual is intelligent when he is able to choose the best option among the possibilities presented at their disposal to solve a problem. For example, if a person is raised up to the roof of a house, the person would select the instruments necessary to climb, because with the knowledge that he already owns may have enabled to devise a way to run an action that will allow one to climb to the roof. Some say that with a straight, others with a rope, others will need a number of tools ... A smarter person than another will choose a better choice. Sadly most of the tests that measure the intelligence of a human being only consider the logical-mathematical and linguistic abilities. According to the theory of multiple intelligences by Howard Gardner, we can distinguish different kinds of formal intelligence: Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: The ability we have to solve both problems as mathematical logic. It understands the capabilities we need to handle math and reasoning correctly. Our logical, reasoned ... arithmetic processing is linked to it.Show MoreRelatedWhat Is A General Game?1063 Words   |  5 Pagesas new generation of artificial intelligence (AI) system that designed to achieve accepting descriptions of arbitrary games at runtime without any human intervention. In that case, the descriptions should be designed effectively enough that the systems could run by not given the rules of the game before the games start (Genesereth Thielscher 2014, p. 1; Thielscher 2011, p.1; Genesereth Love 2005, p.1). 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For toddlers, ask the child to point to different objects in a picture book (e.g., show the child a picture in the book containing several objects and ask, â€Å"Where’s the dog? Where’s the tree?†). Describe what you did and what it tells you about the toddler’s crystallized intelligence (general knowledge about the world). For childrenRead MoreThe Mating Intelligence Scale, And The Flirting Style Test Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesoffer an opportunity to learn more about psychology and about oneself. I have just completed the Jung type sorter, the Big five inventory, the mating intelligence scale, and the flirting style test. I had taken both the Jungian Type Sorter and the Big Five Inventory previously, but now have a better understanding what my scores mean. 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Odysseus is depicted as an intellectual

Case Analysis Pan Europa Essay - 943 Words

Case Study PAN EUROPA FOODS S.A C. Opitz and R.F. Bruner By Your Name Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Executive Summary: The report is to provide the shareholders with the firm’s capital budget for the new year, 1993. 11 projects will be examined and discussed. Projects will be chosen based on the most needed and urgent projects and based on budget. Exhibit3 of the case analysis provides the free cash flow and analysis of the proposed projects. Problem Statement: The problem with Pan Europa Foods, according to the case, is that the company is beginning to lose market share due†¦show more content†¦Analysis of the data provided shows that 3 years of financial results were provided which included the Gross sales, net income, earnings per share, total assets, shareholder’s equity (both book and market values) and dividends. Alternatives Analysis: The decision as to what project to fund should be one that will benefit the company. I would suggest that the company needs to consider the projects that will benefit its employees as well as the general public that they serve. I will also suggest that new products should be designed and the possibility of new plants should be considered so that the company can start regaining some of its lost market share. Key Decision Criteria: The decisions that the shareholders will be making should be the one that will improve the company’s efficiency thereby decreasing cost and increasing revenue. The decisions should also increase the company’s sales, increase its market share, and increase its return on investment. Pan Europa should also consider projects that will improve its employees’ morale, minimize negative environmental impact, reduce pollution, improve its corporate image and maintain customer satisfaction. Recommendations Replacement and expansion of Truck fleet: This project will improveShow MoreRelatedPan-Europa Foods Case Analysis1071 Words   |  5 PagesPan-Europa Foods Case Analysis Executive Summary Pan Europa foods is a European producer of yogurt, ice cream, bottled water, and fruit juice. With stagnant gross sales and decreasing stock value, the company needs to increase its net income and increase confidence in its shareholders to avoid a takeover. With this in mind, the company decides to allocate $80 million Euros out of its $656 million asset base to capital spending in investment projects. There are currently 11 proposals on theRead MorePan Europa Case Analysis1479 Words   |  6 Pages1. Using the company s cost of capital, the  net present value (NPV)  is the sum of the discounted cash flows minus the original investment.  One of the major problems with Pan-Europa is their existing low stock price. 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Public Health Law & Policy

Question: Discuss about thePublic Health Law Policy. Answer: Demonstrate Specialized Knowledge of Public Health Law Policy in Terms of Function, Importance Relevance to Public Health Practice After studying this course it has been observed that public health have been launched in the State in order to recognize the building role of the people who practice public health within the state globally. As per my understanding Public health has been regarded as an initiative which has been taken into account by the people in order to promote safeguard health. It was also an effort which was made to prevent further occurring of any disease prolong life which was an essential characteristic of health systems all over the globe. Under Australias centralized system, the countries and the states have a major accountability for the themes associated to health care and emergency management. It grants various supports, policy management and synchronization help in the structure of national replies to the public health crisis. As the state has taken a lot of actions to the 2014 Ebola virus disease in West Africa. Public Health has been regarded as a meadow that centers on the lawful practice, research sponsorship on issues concerning the governments lawful authorities obligations to guarantee the stipulations for people to be fit. After studying Public health law and policy I have learned that the procurement of the health of the people has been a major concern today as people get affected by major diseases. I have studied that there were many areas of practice in which public health law deals. But my concern from different areas of practice would be Disease prevention and control (Lin, Smith Fawkes, 2016). Public Health Law could be defined as the study of the lawful authorities of the state to guarantee the stipulations for individuals to be healthy and restrictions on the power of the state to restrict the self-sufficiency, solitude or other lawfully secluded interests of individuals for defense or promotion of society health. I have learned that law have a purpose for safeguarding and promoting public health, controlling the risk to public health, infectious diseases and avert the spread of infectious diseases, etc. So, if all the above things would be applied and followed then no problems would be inculcated in regard to the health of the people. All of the states and territories marked the National Health Security Agreements in the year 2008 which supports the National Health Security Act 2007 (Cth) and National Health Security Regulations 2008. The Australian governments 2011 National Health Emergency Response Agreements, referred to as the Nat Health Arrangements, eloquent the planned agreements and means for the harmonization of the health sector of the state in reply to crisis of state outcome. As per my understanding the development in Public sector practices which have been adopted today were due to the past experiences. As in the past, the health sector or practices were not so strongly implemented. Lawful apparatuses such as Statutes, rules proceedings have played an imperative role in momentous current public health accomplishments including progress in communicable disease control, food protection, occupational health, grievance avoidance, emergency awareness reply (The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 2016). For prevention of disease it has been found out by my learning that it would help in making a lawful structure which would help in prevention of such diseases to occur (National Public Health Partnership, 2016). A functional calculated framework for strengthening expanding broad practice participation in inhabitants fitness at state, partition practice stages in the state comprises of centre at the following stages: Managerial formation functions; Contact, etc. Public Health Practice in the state provides a systematic preface to the Australian public health scheme its performances. The stress was on protecting upholding the stipulations in culture that allow citizens to live fit satisfying lives (Lin, Smith Fawkes, 2014). Public Health Practice in the state illustrates on present global Australian study it was widely demonstrated with case studies information. It has been observed by me that only expenses were being made on buying tools for prevention of disease but no changes have been made (Jordens, Lipworth Kerridge, 2013). Public Health Practice which I would like to practice was Disease control and as mentioned above I want to pursue this area as after my study which I have done I got to know that there have been many elements which inculcate such diseases in a state and for such disease no framework or structure has been prepared by which such diseases would be controlled (Guest et al., 2013). Public health advocacy was with reference for making things occur that would help the health of the society through upstream alterations such as rule, strategy or practical change. The word advocate in reality originates from a Latin word meaning to be called to stand beside. Advocacy could be intended in a rational way but in many matters it was a response to an event or matter. So, it has been concluded that in future by way of adopting this practice less harm would be caused to the health if the people they would be secured. More More tools, techniques have been adopted for minimization of health issues as Public health has been a subject which people study so they practice pursue with a wider scope for protection of health. References Guest, C., Ricciardi, W., Kawachi, I. Lang, I. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice. OUP Oxford. Jordens, C.F.C., Lipworth, W.L., Kerridge, I.H. (2013). The quality of Australian health journalism is important for public health. The medical Journal of Australia. Vol. 199 Issue.(7), pp-448-449. Lin, V., Smith, J. Fawkes, S. (2014). Public Health Practice in Australia: The organized effort. Allen and Unwin. Lin, V., Smith, J. Fawkes, S. (2016). Public Health Practice in Australia. Retrieved on 9th November 2016 from: https://www.allenunwin.com/browse/books/academic-professional/health/Public-Health-Practice-in-Australia-Vivian-Lin-James-Smith--Sally-Fawkes-9781865088754 National Public Health Partnership. (2016). A Planning Framework for Public Health Practice. Retrieved on 9th November2016 from: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/research/Documents/planning-framework.pdf The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. (2016). Population health and public health. Retrieved on 9th November 2016 from: https://curriculum.racgp.org.au/statements/population-health--public-health/